diode Bridge

Which serves to rectify pawer supply, this diode is a silicon diode is assembled into a bridge and packed into a single component. In the market sold various forms of the diode bridge with a variety of capacities. The size of the main diode bridge is the maximum voltage and amperage.

In general, the diode can be used among others to:
A. safety
2. rectifier
3. Voltage regulator
4. modulator
5. frequency controller
6. indicator
7. switch

Zener diode

       Zener diode is a diode which has the property that the voltage reversal very stable, this voltage is called the zener voltage. These diodes are widely used for the voltage divider. Type of zener diode voltage divided by the boundary. For example 12 V, this means that the zener diode to limit voltage greater than 12 V to 12 V or Above the zener voltage, this diode will deliver electricity in two directions. this diode used as a voltage stabilizer or voltage regulator. These diodes form a diode as usual, differences can only be seen from the type that is written on bodynya and zener voltage seen at vademicum.

Counter counting system

PI I make a counter timing, the tool is planned to be in use at exhibitions, as it works as a detector of how many visitors are coming, so that we do not have to count one by one the visitors who come .. hopefully my PI smoothly. amen my supervisor is a pack of Robi, he helped me in writing and in the manufacture of tools, many of the difficulties in making this PI tool but I am sure I will, hopefully .. well I pray ya.semoga PI tools tHE CALCULATION tIME COUNTER finished on time.

Program Multiplexer

Mmultiplexer program using IF statement
Using VHDL .....

Description:
a, b, c, d is the input data
s [1:0] is the data for the MUX selector
o Data for Output

Program
library ieee; 
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; 

entity mux is 
port (a, b, c, d : in std_logic; 
s : in std_logic_vector (1 downto 0); 
o : out std_logic); 
end mux; 
architecture archi of mux is 
begin 
process (a, b, c, d, s) 
begin 
if (s = "00") then o <= a; 
elsif (s = "01") then o <= b; 
elsif (s = "10") then o <= c; 
else o <= d; 
end if; 
end process; 
end archi;

User Interface Management System

    UIMS is a technique for separating application functionality problems with the computer interface design. A large number of software architecture based on the assumption that the functionality and user interface to the software are two things that have different objectives that can be handled separately. The purpose of this separation is to increasing ease of maintenance and adaptation of software. Some UIMS architecture is the Model-View-Controller, linguistic model, the Seeheim model, Higgins UIMS, and Arch model. On linguistic models are Presentation layer, Dialog control layer, and Application layer. This layer corresponds to the lexical, syntactic and semantic layers of formal language theory. The UIMS system usually there is only one kind of paradigm that is implemented. For example, Model-View-Controller is implemented in java (swing).

    A number of user interface architecture has proven to be useful, but also raises new problems. At the level of feedback systems with high interaction and semantics (direct manipulation interface) boundary between the application and user interface is difficult or impossible to control.

sumber : http://www.interaction-design.org/
                http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface_management_systems

ups and downs of learning kanji

         Studying kanji is a scourge for beginners who want to learn Japanese. The number of letters that unmitigated reach about 160,000 characters, but that must be learned and used everyday around 2000 characters. A kanji characters have two pieces of how to read the how to read Japanese or kunyomi (訓読み) and how to read chinese or onyomi (⾳ 読み). Not only that, each has a different way of reading as well, such as letters hi (日) which means the sun has an kunyomi: hi (ひ), bi (び), ka (か) and has onyomi: Nichi (ニチ) / ni (ニ), jitsu (ジツ). Each letter used varies from the other letters that follow the characters. For example: 日本 is pronounced "nihon" but 日 曜 日 read "nichiyobi". In addition to how to read a variable, write kanji quite difficult depending on the kanjinya grade. example 日 kanji characters easier to write than 葵. to more easily memorize how to write kanji, one of the best way is to memorize the letters of the radicals. letter radicals are kanji that make up other kanji, for example: sakura (桜 ) is formed from the letters ki (木 / tree) and onna (女 / female). of all the difficulties in studying kanji, after successfully learning all we will surely feel proud and more confident. Do not give up.

CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE USING MPLS-BASED NETWORK

Abstract

                  Cloud Computing as a utility computing, has the potential to transform most of the
IT industry, making software as a service. The new developers with innovative ideas for Internet services no longer require a large capital outlay in hardware to distribute their service or labor to operate it. They do not have to worry about overprovisioning for a service whose popularity does not meet their predictions, thus wasting costly resources, or underprovisioning to one that is becoming very popular, thus missing potential customers and revenue.
            Obviously because cloud computing relies on internet connection, then the performance of Internet connection will affect the viability of cloud computing. Cloud computing mengandalakan centralized remote storage on the cloud server, users access the data that will be in trouble if there is a problem or bottleneck of the network. MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) is a better method than to route IP packets. MPLS technology has advantages for sending packets with a shorter delay, because it replaces the IP header that requires a larger overhead than the MPLS header is smaller and shorter processing time when the packet arrives at the router. In this paper the test results will be discussed from the MPLS cloud computing system as the backbone network. Parameters to be tested is the delay, jitter, packet loss and throughput.

keyword : cloud computing, mpls

WHAT IS FPGA ????

FPGA stands for Field Programmable Gate Array, which when translated suppose - suppose it means is a field (which in this case is an IC chip) that contains a number of logic gates that can be programmed. FPGAs have the physical form such as IC (Integrated Circuit). FPGA is a combination of PLD and ASIC technologies. PLD (Programmable Logic Device) itself is an IC that has a logic gate circuit and can be programmed while the ASIC (Application Specific Circuit Integreted) is an IC designed for specific needs that have advantages in speed, but expensive to manufacture. Because the FPGA is a combination of PLD and FPGA so he has an excess of both, and can overcome the existing deficiencies in the PLD and ASIC. Some of the advantages of FPGA are:

• FPGA cheaper than PLD and ASIC
• FPGA is easier and faster than the implementation
• FPGAs have the advantage of the PLD can be programmed repeatedly
• FPGAs have the advantages of an ASIC that has a complex function

Library VHDL

Vhdl programming language is also known library package / library that serves to facilitate prorammer to complete its work as contained in the library functions and data types that have been previously defined for use over and over again. In vhdl composed several libraries, including ieee, std, and other work. In the library there is a sub-tree is called as a package, including :

LIBRARY IEEE :
- math_real
- numeric_bit
- numeric_std
- std_logic_1164
- std_logic_arith
- std_logic_signed
- std_logic_unsigned
- vital_timing

LIBRARY STD :
- standard
- textio

Changing the scanned pdf to html

When looking for a source of reference, I get a pdf file that the content/text in the form of images. As a result I could not copy the text (Lol... bad habit). There is one way to change the scanned pdf into html, by using google. If you get a pdf file of search results, then Google will display an option to display it in html form. This method is only useful if the pdf file indexed all by google and only displays the first 20 pages alone.

There is one other way to convert pdf files into a set of images (.png, .jpg), and then scan the image with OCR, and then to output a HTML or text file. Since I (the author) using the operating system GNU / linux ubuntu, then the method below only applies to OS GNU/Linux only (for the windows version, ask someone else!).

Just go ahead....
First install xpdf, imagemagick, and ocropus
       sudo apt-get install xpdf imagemagick ocropus
use this script to convert. Save with the name "pdf2txt" (without the quotes).
click here to view the code.

How to use:
Suppose you want convert "makalah.pdf" into the html file, use the command:
       ./txt2pdf makalah.pdf > makalah.html 
 the above command will convert "makalah.pdf" and output "makalah.html".

Active & Passive Sentences

Active Sentences

In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.

[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

Examples:

Passive Sentences

In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]

Examples:

Examples Of Articles Containing A Passive Sentences

Mapping the chemical sequences for human DNA -- the chemical "letters" that make up the recipe of human life -- is a breakthrough that is expected to revolutionize the practice of medicine by paving the way for new drugs and medical therapies.

Ninety-nine percent of the human genome has been sequenced and 3.21 billion letters of genetic code have been assembled by Celera.

In the final step, each gene and its function must be identified. Scientists will look for the genetic variations in people -- variations that could be the cause of countless diseases.

That step is expected to take several years to complete. However, scientists said doctors one day would be able to study a person's genetic profile, determine his susceptibility to various diseases, and design a course of treatment to prevent illness.

Despite the potential for medical advancements, many Americans are divided over the implications of the genome project.

Source :

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html

http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/passiveart.html

Subject and Verb Agreement

The basic rule states that a singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb.

NOTE: The trick is in knowing whether the subject is singular or plural. The next trick is recognizing a singular or plural verb.

Hint: Verbs do not form their plurals by adding an s as nouns do. In order to determine which verb is singular and which one is plural, think of which verb you would use with he or she and which verb you would use with they.

Example:
talks, talk
Which one is the singular form?
Which word would you use with he?
We say, "He talks." Therefore, talks is singular.
We say, "They talk." Therefore, talk is plural.

Rule 1

Two singular subjects connected by or or nor require a singular verb.

Example:
My aunt or my uncle is arriving by train today.

Rule 2

Two singular subjects connected by either/or or neither/nor require a singular verb as in Rule 1.

Examples:
Neither Juan nor Carmen is available.
Either Kiana or Casey is helping today with stage decorations.

Rule 3

When I is one of the two subjects connected by either/or or neither/nor, put it second and follow it with the singular verb am.

Example:
Neither she nor I am going to the festival.

Rule 4

When a singular subject is connected by or or nor to a plural subject, put the plural subject last and use a plural verb.

Example:
The serving bowl or the plates go on that shelf.

Rule 5

When a singular and plural subject are connected by either/or or neither/nor, put the plural subject last and use a plural verb.

Example:
Neither Jenny nor the others are available.

Rule 6

As a general rule, use a plural verb with two or more subjects when they are connected byand.

Example:
A car and a bike are my means of transportation.

Rule 7

Sometimes the subject is separated from the verb by words such as along with, as well as, besides, or not. Ignore these expressions when determining whether to use a singular or plural verb.

Examples:
The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly.
Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her shaking.

Rule 8

The pronouns each, everyone, every one, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, andsomebody are singular and require singular verbs. Do not be misled by what follows of.

Examples:
Each of the girls sings well.
Every one of the cakes is gone.

NOTE: Everyone is one word when it means everybody. Every one is two words when the meaning is each one.

Rule 9

With words that indicate portions—percent, fraction, part, majority, some, all, none, remainder, and so forth —look at the noun in your of phrase (object of the preposition) to determine whether to use a singular or plural verb. If the object of the preposition is singular, use a singular verb. If the object of the preposition is plural, use a plural verb.

Examples:
Fifty percent of the pie has disappeared.
Pie is the object of the preposition of.
Fifty percent of the pies have disappeared.
Pies is the object of the preposition.
One-third of the city is unemployed.
One-third of the people are unemployed.

NOTE: Hyphenate all spelled-out fractions.

All of the pie is gone.
All of the pies are gone.
Some of the pie is missing.
Some of the pies are missing.
None of the garbage was picked up.
None of the sentences were punctuated correctly.
Of all her books, none have sold as well as the first one.

NOTE: Apparently, the SAT testing service considers none as a singular word only. However, according to Merriam Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, "Clearly none has been both singular and plural since Old English and still is. The notion that it is singular only is a myth of unknown origin that appears to have arisen in the 19th century. If in context it seems like a singular to you, use a singular verb; if it seems like a plural, use a plural verb. Both are acceptable beyond serious criticism" (p. 664).

Rule 10

The expression the number is followed by a singular verb while the expression a number is followed by a plural verb.

Examples:
The number of people we need to hire is thirteen.
A number of people have written in about this subject.

from :

http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerbAgree.